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Research Process: A Step-by-Step Guide: 4c. Outlining

This guide will help you understand the research process that you need to go through for your assignments.

Why use an outline?

An outline is a way of organising your notes and research to incorporate into a research paper or presentation. Outline only your body paragraphs.

Two Types of Outlines

  • Topic Outline - Using short words and phrases to describe each section
     
  • Sentence Outline - Using complete sentences to detail information for each section.

What are the required parts an outline?

  • Topic
  • Title
  • Correct Format

      I. Roman Numerals for Main Headings
         A. Capital Letters for sub-heads
         B. Capital Letters for sub-heads
              1. Numbers for further divisions
              2. Numbers for further divisions

  • Each section must have at least two parts!

Outline Template

Outline Format

   I. Introduction

         A. Get the reader's attention (for example, by telling something interesting, short, or personal about the topic) 

         B. State the topic in one sentence ( do not ask a question!)

   II. Body

         A. First Point

               1. Supporting evidence (facts and examples)

                     a. Further clarifying information (commentary)

                     b. Further clarifying information (commentary)

               2. Supporting evidence (facts and examples)

         B. Second point

               1. Supporting evidence (facts and examples)

               2. Supporting evidence (facts and examples)                 

         C. Third point

               1. Supporting evidence (facts and examples)

               2. Supporting evidence (facts and examples)                  

         D. Fourth explanation (continue as above with additional explanations as needed.)

               1. Support

               2. Support

    III. Conclusion

       A. Reemphasize your topic in a fresh way, showing how your have achieved your purpose.

       B. Make a memorable final statement (urge your reader/listener to learn more, explain how this information has changed you or your view of the world, etc.

Creating the Outline

An outline helps you brainstorm, organise your thoughts, and write faster.